Review of literature of aging free essay sample

Literature review of Age related constructs on Consumer Decision Making HealthDay News (2013) has reported an interesting research questions about Accumulated knowledge helped seniors outperform young adults when faced with economic choices by Randy Dotinga Health day reporter. In the report, Ye Li (2013) an assistant professor of management in the University of California, Riverside, and his new research suggested that: Seniors can be sharper than young adults at making financial decisions, mostly because they can tap into the wealth of knowledge they have accumulated over the ears. Still, the findings show that older people cannot process information quite as quickly, so it may take them longer to understand complex financial situations. Ye Li said that unlikely seniors not have any advantages then the young people when it comes to the financial decision making, for instance fguring out how to invest their 401 [k]s. (401(k) is a feature of a qualified profit-sharing plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their wages to individual accounts, online definition of Retirement Plan). We will write a custom essay sample on Review of literature of aging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is some fact for types of decision making among enior and young adults, therefore Ye Li pointed that the research is mixed: Older adults seem to be better at some types of decision-making and worse at others. We were better trying to understand when and why older people get better or worse at decision-making. Ye Li explained that people may assume like older people make more wrong decisions than the younger people, the reason behind is that brainpower declines with age. In the latest study, the researcher questions to 632 participants 332 aged 18-29 years and 300 aged 60-82 years old participants and whose answered online questions. According to the survey questions the participants answered math questions and vocabulary test and they also answered the question about some extent for willingness to take risks and understanding of financial problem such as debt and compound interests. In the result of this research, the researchers found out that the older people performed as well as or better than younger participants on all measured decision-making tasks. Moreover, their accumulated knowledge appeared to make up for their lack of being as quick at processing questions. From the overall consequence of this research Paul Zak, chairman of the Center for Neuroeconomics Studies at Claremont Graduate University, compliment for the research. And he said that: Overall, the findings are great news for all of us with gray hair, because they suggest that accum ulated wisdom piles up and more than counterbalances cognitive decline. However, the research is flawed because it surveys people only to age 82. As a result, the authors of this study havent really told us much about cognitive decline and decisions, only that most of us can likely no ou through our Moreover Paul Zak noted that This study has too few participants to have confidence or the 70-plus crowd, but other studies show slow declines, on average. In my view of this research people could assume that older people can make a good decision when it comes to a financial decisions because seniors have a many years of experience than younger adults, the result of the study it seems obvious for me. And also researcher only includes relatively few participants in this study besides they only surveyed constricted amount of participants. And I agree with Paul Zaks overall comment about this research because this study didnt prove or explain about cognitive declines between seniors. Citation: Yi L, Paul Zak Reference: Ye L, Ph. D. , assistant professor, management, University of California, Riverside; Paul Zak, Ph. D. , chairman and professor, economics, and founding director, Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, Calif. http:// consumer. ealthday. com/senior-citizen-information-31/misc-aging-news-10/study- suggests-aging-doesn-t-dull-decision-making-skills-680529. html [Accessed 01. 11. 2013] I continue my research about aging and I found out some secondary data which is also addresses about the making intuitive decision for older people and oung people. This study shows very interesting conclusion and they proved that age doesnt necessarily affect decision making (2010). This study hypothesis that, Many people believe that getting older means losing a mental edge, leading to poor decision-making. But a new study from North Carolina State University shows that when it comes to making intuitive decisions using your gut instincts older adults fare as well as their Juniors. The researcher surveyed group of young adults aged 17-28 and older adults 60-86, and those groups of people who live in the community ot in a nursing home and to look at how the participants fared when making decision based on intuitive evaluation. For instance, researchers asked participants to choose from the overall positive attributes of listed apartments. Therefore under this circumstance, young and older adults were equally competent for making such decisions. However not every decisions can be made that way says Dr. Thomas Hess, a professor of psychology at NC State and co-author of the study. And he explained more about it as following: Some decisions require more active deliberation. For example, those decisions that requires people to distinguish pieces of information that are important from those that are unimportant to the decision at hand. And when it comes to more complex decision-making, older adults face more challenges than their younger counterparts. So forth he also explained about how people make intuitive decision and making such decisions are more relevant to their level ot education. He noted When it comes to making intuitive decisions, like choosing a dish to order from a menu, young and old are similar. Age differences are more likely to crop up when it omes to complex decision-making, such as choosing a health-care plan based on a complex array of information. But even then, it appears that any negative effects of aging will be more evident in those with lower levels of education. In addition he also says that the research result can change the way they present information to the older adults. And Tara Queen, a psychology

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It includes the study of the size, structure, and distributions of different populations and changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death. It also includes the analysis of the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological process influencing a population. The field of sociology draws on huge bodies of data generated by a variety of sources, including the U.S. Census Bureau. Demography is widely used for various purposes and can encompass small, targeted populations or mass populations. Governments use demography for political observations, scientists use demography for research purposes, and businesses use demography for the purpose of advertising. Statistical concepts essential to demography include birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, fertility rate, and life expectancy. These concepts can be further broken down into more specific data, such as the ratio of men to women and the life expectancy of each gender. A census helps provide much of this information, in addition to vital statistic records. In some studies, the demography of an area is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. The information gathered and studied for a demographic overview of a population depends on the party utilizing the information. From the census and vital statistics gathered using a wide variety of sources, sociologists can create a picture of the U.S. population – who we are, how we are changing, and even who we will be in the future.

How smart phone change or life(draw back and advantage) Research Paper

How smart phone change or life(draw back and advantage) - Research Paper Example The dominant perspective is that smart phones are killing personal computing, citing the tremendous growth in usage, mobile technology and capability. According to a report in The Guardian, smartphones are already poised to be the dominant device where people connect to the Internet, hold data, run programs and organize their lives - functions that have been what the PCs are made to do. What is important from these developments is that smartphones are changing the way people live, including the way humans perceive themselves and what it actually means to be human in the modern times and in the near future. Here, smartphones are showing what the author P.G. Wodehouse called as â€Å"the frozen limit† or that which breaks the barriers set by constraints and limitations in our society and the world. What are Smartphones Motorola has been credited to have introduced the first truly mobile hand help phone. A team from this organization led by Martin Cooper developed the first hand set in 1973 and it was huge, weighing a staggering two kilograms (Teixeira, 2010). Back then, the cost of manufacturing a mobile costs at least $1 million as opposed to the cost of making the latest iPhone today, which is only estimated to be $191 (Associated Press 2013). In 1978, the analog cellular system was introduced and the most advanced of this technology was build in 1983, with a cost of $100 million and took almost a decade to reach consumers (Associated Press, 2012). The phones in this technology were sold for almost $4,000 each and it only has an average of about 30-minute talk time (Associated Press 2012). By 1990s, the second generation 2G phone was introduced. Around this time, the SMS - a new way of mobile communication was introduced. This began the rapid development of mobile phones as handsets began featuring capabilities for rich media content. This is now the time when mobile phones became feature phones, then, finally, smart phones. As usage became widespread, p eople start to demand more mobile data and this led to the third generation (3G) mobile technology, which was typified by reliable data speeds. New media capabilities such as video streaming became possible. Recently, the world was introduced to the wonders of 4G mobile technology, which features more incredible data speed than 3G technology (Thomas 2013). The development in data speed has been complemented by the rapid evolution of mobile phone hardware. From the first hand set back in 1973 to the current iPhone and Android phones, the changes have been revolutionary especially in terms of size, display, user interface, appearance, and battery life. The implications of these developments are that today people can communicate while on the go in numerous ways: through telephony, video, VOIP, SMS, and so on. The advances in mobile technology also magnify the tremendous benefits of the Internet. And this is further highlighted by the fact that mobile phone users have grown. Last year, the UN has reported that there are now six billion mobile phone subscribers all over the world (BBC, 2012). Impact on Human Lives There are many studies that provide empirical evidence showing how telephony has favorable effects on a country’s economic growth. For example, Unwin (2009) documented the relationship between economic growth

Mystery Shopper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mystery Shopper - Assignment Example The three travel agencies provide a wide range of services including organizing cruises, guided tours, vacations, and flights among others. However, each company has a unique offering. Although they operate in the same sector, I must admit that my experience with each of the three travel agencies was quite different. The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of my experiences after visiting the three travel agencies. Liberty Travel – when I visited Liberty Travel, the first impression I got was that of a well-established company. The office was quite big considering that it was a travel agency. There were between 50 and 60 employees in the large office that was organized in such a way that one could actually see the entire space. The employees looked motivated and welcoming. I was attended to immediately I entered the office. The employee who attended to me was very jovial, which I loved. She was very keen on listening to me and provided me with all the information that I needed. The packages they were offering were very good. I was particularly pleased to know that the company could organize personalized vacations where the customer would suggest what experiences he or she would love. However, the main weakness I found in Liberty Travel was their pricing. The company had very high prices, which I thought was over the board. If I owned the company, I would provide a variety of packages at different prices to accommodate the rich as well as the middle income people. American Express Travel – the American Express Travel office was quite small with less than 30 employees. However, I noted that there were very many customers waiting to be served. Personally, I waited for about 10 minutes to be served, which I felt was a weakness in the company. The employees were warm and welcoming. However, they did not seem as keen with customers as I had witnessed at Liberty Travel. For example, rather than help me fill out the forms,

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay Example for Free

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay As it stands currently the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply are: unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains high to this day is the lack of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by monetary policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous limitation on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this recovery period. These actions have directly impacted growth. What this means to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a lack of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers . This is something that had not been experienced in several years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffering first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply. References Williams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy: Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/ Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/

Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason Essay -- Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting in the short story â€Å"Shiloh† by Bobbie Ann Mason works well to accentuate the theme of the story. The theme portrayed by Mason is that most people change along with their environment, with the exception of the few who are unwilling to adapt making it difficult for things such as marriage to work out successfully. These difficulties are apparent in Norma Jean and Leroy’s marriage. As Norma Jean advances herself, their marriage ultimately collapses due to Leroy’s unwillingness to adapt with her and the changing environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leroy Moffit is a truck driver, and over the years as his wife Norma Jean is adapting to the changing community his adaptation to things consist of pretty much the way he drives his truck. During this time Norma Jean is left at home to fend for herself and learn the workings of nearly being a single woman. Norma Jean started to play the organ again, practice weight lifting, and take night classes. When Leroy came home after years of being saturated in his work he expected things to be like they were in the beginning of their marriage. As time goes on at home, Leroy takes notice to Norma Jean’s keen, and independent understanding of what goes on around her. He observes and is afraid to admit that she has had to be her own husband. Over the years Norma Jean developed a structured routine that does not include him. As Leroy sits around and plays with a model log cabin set Norma is constantly working to advance and adapt herself with ...

Balance Sheet and Sylvan Essay

On January 1 2007, Pillar purchased 60% of the common shares of Sylvan for $4,500. On that date, Sylvan had common shares of $1,250 and retained earnings of $3,000. Fair values were equal to carrying values for all Sylvan’s net assets except inventory, capital assets and notes payable. The fair value of inventory was $60 more than book value, the book value of capital assets was $100 greater than fair value and the Notes payable had a fair value of $150 less than book value. Assume that all shares of Sylvan have the same value and no control premium was paid at the date of acquisition. The Consolidated Financial statements will be prepared using IFRS Entity Method. The financial statements for Pillar and Sylvan for the year ended December 31, 2010 were as follows: Balance Sheets December 31, 2010 $000’s PILLAR SYLVAN Cash $680 $435 Accounts receivable 1,755 1,025 Inventory 2,849 1,790 Capital assets—net 3,976 3,000 Investment in Sylvan 4,500 Total assets $13,760 $6,250 Current liabilities $400 $255 Notes payable 5,800 1,185 Common shares 2,000 1,250 Retained earnings 5,560 3,560 Total $13,760 $6,250 Statements of Income and Retained Earnings Year Ended December 31, 2010 PILLAR SYLVAN Sales and all other Income $4,040 $2,710 Cost of sales 1,600 1,140 2,440 1,570 Amortization (480) (310) Other expenses and losses including taxes (500) (210) Net income 1,460 1,050 Additional information: numbers in $000’s 1. Capital assets are to be amortized over an average remaining useful life of 8 years at January 1, 2007 and the notes payable mature on December 31, 2011. Goodwill impairment losses for 2008 and 2010 were $240 and $300 respectively. Straight line amortization is acceptable for all acquisition differentials. 2. At December 31, 2010, Sylvan’s inventory included goods purchased from Pillar for $760. Total purchases from Pillar in 2010 were $1000 all priced at mark-up’s averaging 25% of Pillar’s cost. 3. On December 31, 2009, the inventories of Pillar contained $500 of merchandise purchased from Sylvan. Sylvan earns a gross margin of 30% on all sales to Pillar. During December 2010, Pillar purchased merchandise from Sylvan for $900 and did not pay for$250 of the purchases by December 31, 2010. 40% of the inventory was resold by Pillar before the year end. 4. On July 1, 2010, Sylvan sold a new tract of Land to Pillar for $170. On December 1, 2009, Sylvan had bought the land for $200. The fair market value of the land at July 1, 2010 was $220. 5. On September 30, 2008, Pillar sold Land to Sylvan for $100. The land had a book value of $60 on the date of the sale. 6. On December 1, 2010, Pillar and Sylvan declared and paid dividends of $150 and $100 respectively. 7. Both companies pay taxes at the rate of 40%. Assume all intercompany Transactions are taxed at 40% REQUIRED: Please use a GREEN BOOKLET 1. Prepare a Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2010. (22 Marks) 2. Prepare an independent calculation of ENDING Consolidated Retained Earnings at December 31, 2010. (11 marks) 3. Assume Pillar wishes to use the equity method in their General Ledger, calculate Investment income from Sylvan for the year ending December 31, 2010 (10 Marks) NOTE: This question will help you prepare for the technical question on the midterm. Do more than the question asks so that you are prepared for any possible questions you may be asked: Eg. Prepare a Consolidated Income statement and an independent calculation of Consolidated Net Income attributable to Parent company shareholders Calculate the Investment Income under the equity method: Note the only difference between the equity method used when significant Influence is present and the equity method used in the general ledger of the parent when control is present is the treatment of downstream transactions. According to IAS 28.28 all unrealized intercompany profits are eliminated proportionately between investor and investee. Therefore if investor owns 30% of investee, 30% of all unrealized profits/losses are removed. When control exists the parent eliminates upstream proportionately with NCI and downstream unrealized profits are eliminated 100% from parent. Check figures: At December 31, 2010 Goodwill at acquisition ($3,140) $2,600 Consolidated total Assets $17,615.6 Capital assets $6916 Consolidated Retained Earnings $5331.28 NCI Balance Sheet $2924.32 Consolidated Net Income Entity $2052.1 Attributable to Parent shareholders 1754.78 Attributable to NCI $297.32 Investment account Balance sheet :equity method $4,271.28 Investment income equity method 2010 $354.78(removing 100% downstream)